Photography Timeline-6

1978
Konica introduces first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera.
1980
Sony demonstrates first consumer camcorder.
1984
Canon demonstrates first digital electronic still camera.
1985
Pixar introduces digital imaging processor.
1990
Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage medium.

Photography Timeline-5

1963
Polaroid introduces instant color film.
1968
Photograph of the Earth from the moon.
1973
Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera.
1977
George Eastman and Edwin Land inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Photography Timeline-4

1900
First mass-marketed camera—the Brownie.
1913/1914
First 35mm still camera developed.
1927
General Electric invents the modern flash bulb.
1932
First light meter with photoelectric cell introduced.
1935
Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film.
1941
Eastman Kodak introduces Kodacolor negative film.
1942
Chester Carlson receives patent for electric photography (xerography).
1948
Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera.
1954
Eastman Kodak introduces high speed Tri-X film.
1960
EG&G develops extreme depth underwater camera for U.S.

Photography Timeline-3

1859
Panoramic camera patented - the Sutton.
1861
Oliver Wendell Holmes invents stereoscope viewer.
1865
Photographs and photographic negatives are added to protected works under copyright.
1871
Richard Leach Maddox invented the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process - negatives no longer had to be developed immediately.
1880
Eastman Dry Plate Company founded.
1884
George Eastman invents flexible, paper-based photographic film.
1888
Eastman patents Kodak roll-film camera.
1898
Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film

Photography Timeline-2

1814
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura - however, the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded.
1837
Daguerre’s first daguerreotype - the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed under thirty minutes of light exposure.
1840
First American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera.
1841
William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making possible the first multiple copies.
1843
First advertisement with a photograph made in Philadelphia.
1851
Frederick Scott Archer invented the Collodion process - images required only two or three seconds of light exposure.

Photography Timeline-1

5th-4th Centuries B.C.
Chinese and Greek philosophers describe the basic principles of optics and the camera.
1664-1666
Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colors.
1727
Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light.
1794
First Panorama opens, the forerunner of the movie house invented by Robert Barker.

History of Photography and the Camera

"Photography" is derived from the Greek words photos ("light") and graphein ("to draw") The word was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839. It is a method of recording images by the action of light, or related radiation, on a sensitive material.
On a summer day in 1827, it took eight hours for Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to obtain the first fixed image. About the same time a fellow Frenchman, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre was experimenting to find a way to capture an image, but it would take another dozen years before he was able to reduce the exposure time to less than 30 minutes and keep the image from disappearing… ushering in the age of modern photography.

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, inventor of the first practical process of photography, was born near Paris, France on November 18, 1789. A professional scene painter for the opera, Daguerre began experimenting with the effects of light upon translucent paintings in the 1820s. In 1829, he formed a partnership with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to improve the process Niépce had developed to take the first permanent photograph in 1826-1827. Niépce died in 1833.
After several years of experimentation, Daguerre developed a more convenient and effective method of photography, naming it after himself -- the daguerreotype. In 1839, he and Niépce's son sold the rights for the daguerreotype to the French government and published a booklet describing the process.
The daguerreotype gained popularity quickly; by 1850, there were over seventy daguerreotype studios in New York City alone.

History of Photography and the kemara-4

In the early 1940s, commercially viable color films (except Kodachrome, introduced in 1935) were brought to the market. These films used the modern technology of dye-coupled colors in which a chemical process connects the three dye layers together to create an apparent color image. This system is still used for color

History of Photography and the kemara-3

In 1889, George Eastman, realizing the potential of the mass market, used a newly invented film with a base that was flexible, unbreakable, and could be rolled. Emulsions coated on a cellulose nitrate film base, such as Eastman's, made the mass-produced box camera a reality. Using box cameras, amateur photographers began to document everyday life in America. Eastman's first simple camera in 1888 was a wooden, light-tight box with a simple lens and shutter that was factory-filled with film. The photographer pushed a button to produce a negative. Once the film was used up, the photographer mailed the camera with the film still in it to the Kodak factory where the film was removed from the camera, processed, and printed. The camera was then reloaded with film and returned.

History of Photography and the kemara-2

Tintypes, patented in 1856 by Hamilton Smith, were another medium that heralded the birth of photography. A thin sheet of iron was used to provide a base for light-sensitive material, yielding a positive image.
Photography advanced considerably when sensitized materials could be coated on plate glass. The first glass negatives were wet plate. They had to be developed quickly before the emulsion dried. (In the field this meant carrying along a portable process had been invented and patented which freed the photographer from the necessity of developing each print immediately.)

History of Photography and the kemara-1

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The first true photographs were exposed on metal that had been sensitized to accept an image. Daguerréotypes, named for their French inventor L.J.M. Daguerre in 1837, were metal sheets upon which a positive silver image was affixed.
The inventor of the first process which used a negative from which multiple prints were made was William Henry Fox Talbot, a contemporary of Daguerre.

Photographic Films -3

In the past decade, film has become far less grainy and is greatly reduced in contrast. New technology has produced film with T-grain emulsions. These films use light-sensitive silver halides (grains) that are T-shaped, thus rendering a much finer grain pattern. Films like this offer greater detail and higher resolution, meaning sharper images. The traditional rule that slower film produces finer grain is no longer true. The finer grained films are still slower, that is, the ISO rating is lower, but they are much less grainy and have much less contrast.
A recent development in black and white film is a process that uses color film technology to develop and print black and white films. It is easy to take a roll of this film to a one-hour processor to get back prints quickly. However, the film has a purple tint to it, as do the prints. Additionally, because of the color processing, the life of the film or prints is highly suspect

Photographic Films -2

Nitrate film is historically important because it allowed for the development of roll films. The first flexible movie films measured 35-mm wide and came in long rolls on a spool. In the mid-1920s, using this technology, 35-mm roll film was developed for the camera. By the late 1920s, medium-format roll film was created. It measured six centimeters wide and had a paper backing making it easy to handle in daylight. This led to the development of the twin-lens-reflex camera in 1929. Nitrate film was produced in sheets (4 x 5-inches) ending the need for fragile glass plates.
Triacetate film came later and was more stable, flexible, and fireproof. Most films produced up to the 1970s were based on this technology. Since the 1960s, polyester polymers have been used for gelatin base films. The plastic film base is far more stable than cellulose and is not a fire hazard.

Photographic Films -1

Black and white film is long lasting and more permanent than color film. The first flexible films, dating to 1889, were made of cellulose nitrate, which is chemically similar to guncotton. A nitrate-based film will deteriorate over time, releasing oxidants and acidic gasses. It is also highly flammable. Special storage for this film is required. It is highly explosive and should be kept at low temperatures, in sealed bags, in fireproof vaults.

camera in history-2

Before the invention of photographic lapel processes, there was no way to preserve the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them. The earliest cameras were room-sized, with space for one or more people inside; these gradually evolved into more and more compact models such that by Niépce's time portable handheld cameras suitable for photography were readily available. In fact, the first camera obscura that was compact enough to be practical for photography was built by Johann Zahn in 1685, almost 150 years before photographic technology caught up to the point where such an application was possible.

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camera in history-1

The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 or 1827 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris. Niépce built on a discovery by Johann Heinrich Schultz (1724): a silver and chalk mixture darkens under exposure to light. While this was the introduction of photography, the history of the camera itself can be traced back much further. Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device dating back to the Book of Optics (1021) of the Iraqi Arab scientist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside onto a viewing surface.